Important Update: Mumps and Parotitis Evaluation

By Kisha Davis, MD, MPH, FAAFP

The Maryland Department of Health (MDH) and local health departments have recently received several mumps-related inquiries due to individuals with parotitis presenting to acute care settings.

Important Context: Mumps is rare in Maryland, with an average of fewer than 6 cases reported annually from 2020 through 2024. Other commonly circulating respiratory pathogens, including influenza, can also cause parotitis.

Key Recommendations for Suspected Mumps

1. Test for Alternative Causes

• Order a rapid influenza diagnostic test or respiratory virus panel for patients with signs and symptoms consistent with influenza

2. Order Appropriate Mumps Testing

• PCR testing is the preferred diagnostic method (requires LHD/MDH approval)
• Add serologic testing if symptoms began >3 days ago or complications are present (orchitis/oophoritis, mastitis, pancreatitis, hearing loss, meningitis, encephalitis)

3. Gather Patient History

• Mumps vaccination history or previous infection
• Recent travel and sick contacts
• Country of birth

4. Report Immediately

• Report all suspected mumps cases to your local health department

Remember: Even fully vaccinated individuals can contract mumps, though symptoms are typically milder. Consider influenza and other respiratory viruses in your differential diagnosis.

For more information, please refer to MDH’s mumps guidance document or contact your local health department.